How to Use QR Codes in Medicare Providers to Gather Feedback

In today’s digitally driven world, QR codes have become more than a convenience; they are now essential in connecting offline patient encounters with measurable digital action. For Medicare providers, the challenge is not just about gathering feedback but ensuring it is timely, actionable, and accessible to all patients, including those less comfortable with complex apps or portals. Traditional approaches such as printed surveys, manual forms, or dedicated kiosks often result in low participation rates, lost opportunities to understand patient needs, and high administrative overhead.

A core issue for Medicare-focused organizations is that crucial patient feedback often goes uncollected or lost, especially when the process is cumbersome or the technology is unfamiliar. This gap can leave providers unaware of emerging patient concerns or satisfaction trends, making it difficult to pursue meaningful quality improvements or meet compliance requirements. QR codes offer a frictionless, accessible way for Medicare patients to share their input instantly, whether at the point of care or from home, turning feedback moments into actionable engagement.

By purposefully integrating QR codes with existing digital healthcare solutions and connected apps, Medicare providers can unlock faster, more reliable feedback cycles and reduce the risk of missing opportunities to engage key patient groups or falling out of compliance with data security standards. This guide shows how strategic use of QR codes throughout the Medicare landscape helps address pain points such as missed engagement, incomplete segmentation, and communication barriers, supporting better patient experiences and improved care outcomes. Explore sector-specific ideas in Sona QR’s healthcare strategies.

How to Gather Actionable Feedback in Medicare Providers Using QR Codes: A Step-by-Step Guide

Many Medicare providers struggle with feedback models that fail to capture real patient voices, often leading to a limited understanding of satisfaction drivers and missed opportunities for improvement. The risk is clear: dissatisfied patients quietly churn or important care concerns remain unaddressed. By placing QR codes at the moments that matter, providers can bridge the gap between in-person care and digital communication. That bridge turns every interaction into a measurable signal and every scan into a record that can be analyzed and acted on.

Replacing analog workflows is the fastest way to improve outcomes. Printed surveys get lost, phone calls interrupt patients at inconvenient times, and kiosks are expensive to maintain. QR-driven mobile surveys and feedback portals reduce friction, especially when they are accessible on patients’ personal devices and do not require logins or app downloads. Connected to a secure backend, each scan can trigger automated routing of complaints, compliments, or care questions to the right team, shortening resolution times and raising overall satisfaction.

• Replace paper-based feedback: Swap printed forms and post-visit calls for QR mobile surveys at check-in, discharge, and in appointment reminders. This lowers barriers to participation, captures responses when experiences are fresh, and streamlines staff workload.
• Define and track core metrics: Monitor scan volume, survey completion rates, and sentiment scores over time. Add benchmarks by location, provider, or service line to identify where improvements are needed and to assess the effects of changes.
• Design for accessibility: Use large, high-contrast QR codes with plain-language calls to action, alternative text descriptions in digital destinations, and language toggles. Offer a fallback SMS or phone number to ensure equity for patients without smartphones.
• Connect scans to systems: Enrich CRM and EHR records with feedback events to reduce untracked sentiment. When allowed by policy, link a scan to a known encounter to support targeted follow-up and quality improvement reporting.
• Adopt modern platforms: Use solutions like Sona QR to create, manage, and integrate codes across patient relationship systems, EHRs, and analytics tools. Centralized management ensures data is accurate, current, and secure.

When done correctly, QR codes make feedback immediate and structured. They also help eliminate blind spots caused by disconnected paper data and unlock a repeatable process for continuous improvement across Medicare populations, including beneficiaries and caregivers.

Why QR Codes Matter for Medicare Providers

The inability to connect offline patient moments with digital feedback is an industry-wide bottleneck. Providers lose visibility into patient sentiment, engagement decreases, and improvement efforts fracture across departments. QR codes solve this by turning paper and signage into entry points for action. A poster in a waiting area can lead to an ADA-compliant, mobile-friendly survey. A printed discharge summary can link to a personalized patient education page. Each interaction moves from static ink to dynamic data.

Medicare beneficiaries value clarity, speed, and simplicity. QR codes reduce friction while supporting compliance and operational agility. Providers can change destinations on the fly to address regulatory updates, service changes, or safety advisories without reprinting assets. Scan data creates a reliable trail of engagement that can inform staffing, operational improvements, and care experience interventions.

• Bridge offline to online: Turn appointment cards, posters, and after-visit summaries into feedback gateways that guide patients to surveys or support resources. This removes guesswork and helps capture sentiment at relevant moments.
• Accelerate patient action: Allow patients and caregivers to share perspectives without installing apps or navigating complex portals. A single scan brings them to a simple form that can be completed in minutes.
• Adapt quickly with dynamic links: Update destinations without reprinting to reflect new patient experience goals, regulatory language, or evolving services. Dynamic QR codes in Sona QR maintain continuity and reduce costs.
• Enable measurement and accountability: Track scan data by time, location, and device to spot patterns like bottlenecks, frustrated segments, or high-performing placements. Optimize resource allocation based on what works.
• Scale at low cost: QR codes are inexpensive, easy to deploy, and simple to replicate across facilities and community partners. This makes them a practical tool for organizations of all sizes.

Embedding QR codes across discharge paperwork, appointment reminders, and informational flyers ensures that key interactions do not fade into memory. Instead, they become structured data that providers can review and act on to improve care experience metrics and outcomes.

Common QR Code Formats for Medicare Provider Use Cases

Not all QR codes are created equal, and matching the format to the need is crucial. Medicare providers serve diverse audiences: beneficiaries, caregivers, referring clinicians, and community health partners. Each group benefits from a tailored experience that starts with the right QR type and ends with the right destination. Selecting appropriate formats keeps the process straightforward and patient friendly while preserving flexibility and analytics.

Here are the most impactful formats for Medicare settings, along with example destinations:

• Web links to mobile surveys: Direct to short, accessible feedback forms that capture patient sentiment immediately after a visit, procedure, or telehealth session. Include branching logic and language choices for higher completion rates.
• vCards for providers: Let patients and caregivers instantly save important contact information for clinics, case managers, or care coordinators. This reduces missed calls and fosters timely follow-up questions. See ideas for QR on business cards.
• SMS or email initiators: Pre-populate a text or email to a patient experience desk or care navigator. Some patients prefer to type a message in their own words, and pre-filled templates lower the barrier to reaching out.
• Wi-Fi access in waiting areas: Provide a one-scan connection to guest networks. Once online, guide patients to digital check-in, educational content, or feedback surveys for a connected onboarding experience.
• App download links: If your organization offers a patient app, use a single QR that detects device type and routes to the App Store or Play Store. Pair it with instructions that emphasize simple tasks like messaging a care team or viewing lab results.

Dynamic QR codes are particularly valuable for healthcare adoption. They allow you to update destinations, track scans, and run A/B tests without changing printed assets. Static codes still have a place for fixed materials like durable wayfinding signs, but for feedback, education, and programs that evolve over time, dynamic codes created and managed through platforms like Sona QR are the safer and smarter choice.

Where to Find Growth Opportunities

Opportunities to capture feedback and engagement exist across the patient journey, yet many are underused. Providers often rely on a single touchpoint like a post-visit email survey, which can miss large segments of the Medicare population. By integrating QR codes into high-traffic materials and moments, you expand the surface area for patient input and ensure that insights are timely, representative, and actionable.

Prioritize placements that meet patients where they are. Consider accessibility, visibility, and relevance to the moment of care. Position QR codes at eye level where possible, use clear calls to action, and ensure that staff can promote and explain the benefit quickly.

• Waiting rooms and lobbies: Add QR codes to posters or digital display frames inviting patients to share expectations and concerns before appointments. This pre-visit context helps clinicians personalize consultations and reduce anxiety.
• Appointment cards and AOBs: Print codes on take-home items so patients can provide feedback from home or share questions with care teams after they have reviewed instructions. This extends engagement beyond the clinic.
• Pharmacy bags and lab results: Include QR codes linking to side effect checkers, medication reminders, or satisfaction surveys. This captures real-world experiences in the days following a visit when insights are fresh and meaningful.
• On-site events and screenings: Use QR codes to collect testimonials, track attendance, and capture preferences in real time during Medicare education fairs, screenings, or vaccination clinics.
• Direct mail for AWV reminders: Add QR codes to direct mail campaigns reminders or care gap notices, enabling beneficiaries to confirm appointments, update contact information, or ask questions with one scan.

Effective placement aligns QR codes with patient intent and reduces the steps required to take action. That alignment maximizes participation and delivers cleaner data for audience segmentation and quality improvement.

Use Cases for QR Codes in Medicare Providers

When feedback is disconnected from the patient journey, churn or upsell opportunities are easily missed. Integrated QR codes create actionable touchpoints that map to real interactions and needs. The following use cases reflect common Medicare workflows and measurable outcomes.

1. Discharge and check-out feedback: Place QR codes on discharge instructions and at the check-out desk to prompt patients and caregivers to share their experience before leaving. Outcome: Higher response rates, faster service recovery for negative experiences, and improved CAHPS-related metrics through timely intervention.
2. Annual Wellness Visit scheduling: Add QR codes to AWV reminder mailers, portals, and posters to let patients confirm or reschedule with minimal friction. Outcome: Increased AWV completion, better risk assessments, and improved quality measures tied to preventive care.
3. Education for chronic condition management: Embed QR codes on printed care plans that link to tailored video explainers, medication schedules, and symptom trackers for conditions like diabetes or heart failure. Outcome: Reduced support calls, higher adherence, and measurable improvements in self-management confidence.
4. Telehealth readiness and follow-up: Use QR codes on telehealth invites and after-visit summaries to offer tech checks, feedback forms, and quick access to post-visit questions. Outcome: Fewer technical issues, higher satisfaction with virtual care, and stronger continuity between visits.
5. Caregiver support and contact: Provide QR codes to caregivers on take-home materials that save care team contacts as vCards and link to caregiver resources. Outcome: Faster escalation of issues, stronger caregiver engagement, and fewer missed opportunities for early intervention.

Each use case fits naturally into the patient journey. Because the action is specific to the moment, feedback is more accurate and actionable than generic, end-of-month surveys.

How to Build High-Value Audiences for Retargeting With QR Code Campaigns

Incomplete segmentation leads to generic outreach that patients ignore. QR scans contain critical context: what was scanned, where, and when. By issuing unique codes for distinct patient journeys and locations, you automatically generate clean audience segments that reflect real behavior. Those segments drive targeted follow-up through email, SMS, or call outreach, ensuring timely resolution and improved satisfaction.

Medicare providers can distinguish audiences not only by stage in the care lifecycle, but also by role. Beneficiaries, caregivers, and referring clinicians have different motivations and information needs. Tagging scans by audience type and use case enables precise messaging that respects consent and privacy preferences.

• Assign journey-stage codes: Use different QR codes for new patient intake, post-visit care, and chronic disease management. Align each code with content specific to that stage to improve conversion rates and data quality.
• Segment by channel and placement: Create codes for clinics, pharmacies, home care visits, and community events. Compare scan performance to identify high-yield locations and optimize your physical footprint.
• Trigger personalized follow-up: Use scan timestamps and sentiment to automate outreach within 24 to 48 hours. For negative feedback, route alerts to patient experience teams. For interest in services, nudge scheduling with tailored messages.
• Enrich CRM and EHR records: Sync scan data to systems like HubSpot, Salesforce, or your EHR to build a single source of truth. This supports closed-loop reporting and helps your team prioritize patients most likely to engage.

With Sona QR, every code becomes a smart capture point. Scan data flows directly into your marketing and operations tools, powering retargeting and follow-up based on observed behavior rather than assumptions. Explore Sona QR’s use case library for more ideas.

Integrating QR Codes Into Your Multi-Channel Marketing Mix

Disconnected channels waste budget and dilute your message. QR codes unify physical materials and digital experiences, enabling real-time engagement and richer data collection. In Medicare-focused organizations, that connection improves both marketing and operations: appointment scheduling, telehealth access, enrollment assistance, and patient education become measurable and easier to refine.

Use QR codes to harmonize touchpoints and close attribution gaps with first-touch vs last-touch attribution. Because each code is unique, you can see which postcard drove an appointment, which event generated caregiver interest, and which waiting room sign captured the most feedback. That visibility supports smarter planning and more targeted investments.

• Print collateral and handouts: Add QR codes to brochures, care plans, and after-visit summaries that link to surveys, videos, and secure message portals. Track which materials perform and in which clinics.
• Digital signage and TV screens: Place codes on lobby screens and exam room displays to encourage quick feedback or telehealth readiness checks. This reduces reliance on staff prompts and capitalizes on dwell time. Learn more about digital signage ideas.
• Direct mail campaigns: Include QR codes on AWV reminders, new service announcements, or community event invites. Personalize destinations to increase conversions and attribute outcomes to specific mailers.
• Media ads and local publications: Use QR codes in newspaper ads or sponsored articles to drive to eligibility checks or appointment requests. Measure which publications generate real engagement.
• Community events and health fairs: Place QR codes on banners, name badges, and giveaway items. Encourage on-site sign-ups for screenings or care programs and tag scans by event to target follow-up.

Centralizing management with a platform like Sona QR simplifies code creation, deployment, and analytics. This makes your multi-channel strategy both consistent and adaptable as patient needs change.

Step-By-Step QR Campaign Execution Checklist

Even the best strategy can falter if execution is inconsistent or untracked. A clear, repeatable process ensures your QR initiatives produce reliable results across facilities and programs. Use the following steps as a blueprint you can adapt to your organization.

Step 1: Choose Your Use Case

Start with a single, well-defined goal. For Medicare providers, common objectives include increasing AWV bookings, collecting post-discharge feedback, or capturing caregiver contact preferences. Align the QR code’s purpose with a specific business outcome so you can measure impact confidently.

Describe what success looks like in advance. For example, target a 30 percent increase in survey completion at discharge, or a 20 percent lift in AWV confirmations from direct mail. Clear outcomes help teams prioritize resources and secure leadership support.

Step 2: Pick a QR Code Type

Select static codes for permanent, non-trackable destinations like a general website or a universal education library. Choose dynamic codes when you need to update links, track performance, run A/B tests, or retarget based on behavior. Most feedback and scheduling use cases benefit from dynamic codes managed in Sona QR. Start creating QR codes for free.

Consider the user experience along with technical needs. If your goal is a one-tap SMS to the patient experience team, configure an SMS QR. If your goal is a survey, ensure the destination is mobile-optimized, short, and accessible with clear font sizes and color contrast.

Step 3: Design and Test the Code

Design for clarity and confidence. Add your logo, choose high-contrast colors, and place a visible frame around the code. Use a concise, benefit-driven call to action like Scan to rate your visit or Scan to schedule your wellness exam. Include a short URL as a fallback for those without smartphones.

Test scanning in realistic conditions. Check multiple devices, lighting environments, and distances. Verify that the destination loads quickly on cellular connections and that content is accessible, including screen-reader compatibility. Adjust print size and placement based on results.

Step 4: Deploy Across High-Impact Channels

Roll out QR codes where your audience naturally engages. For Medicare providers, focus on waiting area posters, check-out desks, discharge papers, pharmacy partners, and direct mailers. At community events, add codes to banners and handouts so engagement continues after the event.

Sequence your deployments in phases so you can learn and improve. Start with three to five placements per facility and expand based on performance. Train frontline staff to introduce the QR option and explain its value to patients and caregivers.

Step 5: Track and Optimize

Monitor scan data and conversions in a centralized dashboard. In Sona QR, review performance by location, time, device, and creative. Pair these insights with sentiment analysis or NPS to spot gaps and test improvements. Run A/B tests on calls to action, design treatments, and landing page copy to increase scan and completion rates.

Share results with stakeholders and close the loop with staff. Recognize high-performing teams, address bottlenecks quickly, and refresh creative quarterly to prevent fatigue. Use what you learn to refine future campaigns and allocate resources more effectively.

Tracking and Analytics: From Scan to Revenue

Disconnected data undermines trust in feedback programs. When teams cannot see which placements drive scans or how scans correlate with appointments and satisfaction improvements, momentum stalls. A robust analytics approach connects the dots from scan to action, generating insights that inform both experience initiatives and revenue-related outcomes like AWV completions and care gap closures.

Sona QR and Sona.com together turn QR engagement into a full-funnel view. Sona is an AI-powered marketing platform for identity, intent, and revenue attribution that unifies attribution with activation. Sona QR captures the scan with rich metadata and pushes it to your systems. Sona.com links that engagement to other touchpoints so you can understand the journey from first scan to appointment and beyond. That unified picture supports better planning, staffing, and investment.

• Track every scan event: Capture time, device type, location, and campaign source for each scan. Use this to compare performance by clinic or partner site.
• Measure channel effectiveness: Identify which placements drive engagement. For example, discharge paperwork might outperform lobby posters for surveys, while direct mail might be strongest for AWV scheduling.
• Respond in real time: Set alerts for negative feedback so patient experience teams can intervene within hours. Fast responses often convert detractors into promoters.
• Sync with CRM and EHR: Enrich records in HubSpot, Salesforce, or your EHR with scan activity. Close the loop by linking feedback to specific encounters where policy allows.
• Attribute outcomes: Use Sona.com to connect scans to appointments, adherence indicators, and revenue where appropriate. See single vs multi-touch attribution for guidance on evaluating QR’s impact in broader journeys.
• Unify journeys: Combine QR scans with website visits, portal activity, email opens, and call center outcomes to understand progression from awareness to completed care.

The result is an analytics ecosystem that makes QR codes part of your performance strategy, not a one-off experiment. With transparency from scan to outcome, leadership has evidence to scale what works.

Tips to Expand QR Success in Medicare Providers

QR programs succeed when they are easy for patients, simple for staff, and aligned with measurable goals. Avoid sprawling deployments without clear owners and metrics. Start with focused use cases, then expand thoughtfully based on data.

Training and communication also matter. Frontline staff should feel comfortable introducing QR options and highlighting privacy and convenience. Reinforce benefits for patients and caregivers, and always provide an alternative pathway for those who prefer not to scan.

• Use unique codes per placement: Differentiate codes by clinic, waiting area poster, discharge packet, or direct mailer. This reveals exactly where performance lags and guides optimizations.
• Attach UTM parameters: Add source and medium tags to every destination for precise attribution. This ensures your analytics and marketing tools recognize QR traffic correctly.
• Automate follow-up workflows: Trigger SMS or email follow-ups based on scan type and sentiment. For neutral or negative feedback, route to a live call within 24 hours to reduce churn risk.
• Educate staff and patients: Train team members to explain why scanning matters and what patients can expect. Pair each code with a clear, benefit-driven CTA to increase trust and uptake.
• Pilot creative deployments: Test QR codes on pharmacy bags for medication check-ins, shuttle signage for ride feedback, or community bulletin boards for event RSVPs. Measure scan rates to discover new engagement drivers.

Each tip compounds the value of your QR program by increasing adoption, improving data quality, and accelerating meaningful follow-up.

Navigating Regulatory Compliance and Legal Considerations

Healthcare regulations around patient data are strict, particularly under HIPAA and Medicare rules. QR-enabled feedback must be designed with privacy and security as non-negotiables. This starts with minimization: collect only the data you need, avoid PHI capture when possible, and secure everything end to end with encryption.

Establish clear governance and vendor oversight. Ensure that any QR platform and downstream tools meet healthcare-grade security standards and are willing to sign Business Associate Agreements where required. Regularly audit destinations and data flows to maintain compliance as regulations and internal policies evolve.

• Collect the minimum necessary: Keep surveys anonymous when feasible, or request only essential identifiers needed for service recovery. Communicate how data will be used and stored.
• Secure transmission and storage: Use SSL/TLS encryption, access controls, and role-based permissions. Ensure data residency and retention policies align with organizational standards and regulatory requirements.
• Obtain clear consent: Display transparent privacy and consent language at QR destinations. Provide opt-out paths and honor communication preferences for email or SMS outreach.
• Prioritize accessibility: Build destinations that meet ADA and WCAG guidelines. Offer language options, readable fonts, and screen-reader support to serve diverse populations.
• Manage vendors carefully: Vet platforms for HIPAA readiness and sign appropriate agreements. Confirm they support audit logs, breach notification procedures, and data deletion upon request.

By integrating compliance into your QR program from the start, you build patient trust and reduce risk, making it easier to scale your efforts confidently.

Real-World Success Stories and Industry Insights

Medicare providers that shift from static, fragmented feedback workflows to QR-enabled programs often see rapid gains in participation and service recovery. The ability to collect feedback at the point of care or immediately afterward increases response rates and improves the freshness of insights. Teams can act faster to resolve issues and celebrate wins, which reinforces a culture of continuous improvement. For broader context on QR’s resurgence, see this healthcare marketing whitepaper%20(1)%20(1).pdf).

In addition to feedback gains, many organizations report stronger preventive care engagement when QR codes simplify next steps. When patients can confirm or reschedule an Annual Wellness Visit with one scan, completion rates rise. Similarly, targeted follow-ups after scans help close care gaps and keep patients on track with chronic condition management—trends echoed in analyses of QR in medical marketing.

• Hospital group discharge surveys: A multi-site system implemented QR surveys on discharge paperwork and clinic exit signage. Response rates climbed by 65 percent within three months. The patient experience team used real-time alerts to resolve service issues within 24 hours, boosting satisfaction scores at high-volume clinics.
• AWV follow-up uplift: A Medicare-focused primary care network linked QR feedback to segmented retargeting. Patients who scanned feedback codes received targeted AWV reminders and scheduling links. AWV follow-ups increased by 40 percent over two quarters, contributing to improved quality metrics.
• EHR-integrated feedback loops: Providers that synchronize scan data with EHR notes and patient flags report cleaner handoffs. Care teams can see when a patient expressed concerns and address them in the next interaction, elevating patient trust and continuity of care.

Industry experts consistently emphasize the importance of embedding QR programs within existing clinical and operational workflows. Success grows when QR codes are not an add-on but part of how teams communicate, educate, and learn. With Sona QR for creation and tracking and Sona.com for attribution and journey analytics, organizations gain the infrastructure to scale QR-driven engagement with confidence.

QR codes have become a strategic imperative for Medicare providers looking to close the gap between offline patient experiences and the actionable digital feedback needed for continuous improvement. Each scan becomes a chance to deepen understanding, prevent disengagement, and drive operational enhancements while meeting the unique compliance and segmentation standards of healthcare.

Providers who commit to integrated, patient-focused QR workflows are better equipped to capture valuable insights, close care gaps, and personalize patient engagement, transforming every touchpoint into measurable value. With robust solutions for QR code creation, deployment, and secure data management, Medicare organizations can systematically upgrade care delivery, streamline marketing, and strengthen patient connections.

By adopting and refining QR-driven feedback strategies, with a focus on simplicity and compliance, Medicare providers can turn feedback into a continuous improvement engine that enhances outcomes and drives long-term organizational growth. Tools like Sona QR and Sona.com help connect scans to results so teams can scale what works and retire what does not, all while maintaining patient trust and data integrity.

Conclusion

QR codes have revolutionized the Medicare providers industry by transforming patient feedback collection from a cumbersome task into an efficient, real-time engagement tool. By integrating QR codes into your feedback processes, you not only streamline data gathering but also enhance patient experiences, enabling timely improvements in care quality and service delivery. Imagine instantly capturing valuable insights from patients the moment they finish their visit—insights that drive smarter decisions and elevate your practice’s reputation.

With Sona QR, creating dynamic, trackable QR codes tailored for Medicare providers is effortless. Update your feedback campaigns instantly without the hassle of reprinting materials, monitor scan data in real time, and link patient responses directly to service improvements and operational outcomes. No delays, no lost opportunities—just actionable intelligence that powers patient-centered care.

Start for free with Sona QR today and transform every scan into meaningful feedback that propels your Medicare practice forward.

FAQ

What are the benefits of using QR codes in Medicare marketing?

QR codes provide a frictionless, accessible way for Medicare patients to share feedback instantly, improve patient engagement, reduce administrative overhead, and enable measurable, timely digital action from offline encounters.

How can healthcare providers use QR codes to improve patient engagement?

Providers can place QR codes at key moments like check-in, discharge, and appointment reminders to collect feedback, connect scans to CRM and EHR systems for targeted follow-up, and use dynamic codes to update content without reprinting materials.

Which Medicare providers accept digital health solutions involving QR codes?

Medicare-focused organizations that integrate QR codes with existing digital health solutions and connected apps can use them to enhance feedback cycles, patient communication, and compliance with data security standards.

What are the best practices for integrating QR codes into healthcare marketing?

Best practices include using large, high-contrast codes with clear calls to action, designing for accessibility, deploying codes at strategic patient touchpoints, using dynamic QR codes for flexibility, training staff to promote usage, and tracking scan data for optimization.

How do QR codes streamline communication between patients and Medicare providers?

QR codes convert offline materials like posters and discharge papers into digital gateways that enable patients to quickly complete surveys, access educational resources, schedule appointments, and communicate without needing apps or logins.